Dr. Campbell (The China Study), and Dr. Flora's thoughts on
his statements.
Dr. Campbell: I’m rather enthusiastic about how impressive the
evidence is for this vegan diet and how it relates to health. Of course,
I came to this particular point-of-view over many years of being
involved in research and policy development as well as lecturing: both
in the classroom and in public. Here are questions we need to answer and
to understand why they are this way and what to do to change the
situation:
Why does the U.S. rank #1 in the world in per capita health care
costs, but 37th in the quality of health care, according to a United
Nations document?
Why is hospital food so unhealthy?
Why must public schools, who offer federally supported school lunch
programs, absolutely require dairy to be served to innocent children, if
the schools want to participate in getting free food?
Why are they urging at local level, with the teachers who run the
programs, that the children should in fact drink milk when the evidence
against dairy is becoming so troublesome and contrary to that mistaken
idea?
Why is the school lunch program food so unhealthy, just like the
hospital food?
Why do we produce the most expensive food, especially when it is the
most unhealthy food? It doesn’t seem to make a lot of sense.
Why is it not known that the #1 cause of death is not really heart
disease, as is said by everyone, but instead it’s our ignorance of
nutrition? One can actually do the math on that and calculate the
percentage of deaths that can be attributed to dietary and nutrition
practices and easily come up with that number.
Why does the National Cancer Institute of the National
Institutes of Health estimate that 35% of cancers can be prevented
by diet? But, if you ask how does this occur, although it’s generally
understood that fruits, vegetables and grain can help you prevent
cancer, they often will say “we don’t really know why it happens and we
don’t know how it works,” although they acknowledge again that 35% can
be prevented by diet. With this absence of information, and relatively
certain agreement that many cancers can be prevented, why then do they
only spend 2-3% of their research budget, rather than 35%, to find out
why diet works in this way? There is a mismatch here and it’s a mismatch
on something that obviously is considered to be so important.
Why do we spend so much money discovering new genes, and of course
then protein products, when it will be virtually impossible in the
future to ever identify which gene or set of genes causes which disease?
Here’s a really profound idea: who really controls the development
of, and the dissemination of, diet and disease information?
Why do research studies make conclusions about plant-based diets when
they fail to include human subjects using plant-based diets? A lot of
their prospective cohort studies and case-controlled studies, these are
human experimental study designs. Those kinds of studies in fact include
subjects, who few of whom or usually known of whom, are really
consuming a full, plant based diet.
How can they make sound conclusions from these kinds of studies about
plant-based diets when they are not really including people who are
consuming such diets?
Why does it take a court order to require scientists, who sit on a
major nutritional policy board, to reveal their industry ties? I’ve had a
lot of experience sitting on these boards. For 20 years I was almost
continuously on one of them and it was really a sacred process to have
us reveal any associations we may have with the private industry or
sector. We didn’t want to have conflicts of interest. But, in more
recent times, it turns out that the members of that particular panel did
not appropriately reveal through their agency their association with
their industry, and one had to go to court to find out that a majority
of the members who choose the food we eat had financial ties with (owned
stock in the companies that produced) the foods they were recommending.
I don’t think that should be necessary.
(Dr. Flora: This should be a time of disclosure, of pure intent,
not of special interest groups pushing unhealthy foods on our innocent
children and mandating that schools buy them. The people on the boards
should not have any stock or own companies that sell foods that are
recommended by the nutritional policy board members.)
Why are affected food and drug industries now allowed to fund as much
as half (49%) of reports on diet and health by the prestigious National
Academy of Sciences? Again, in my day when I was on those panels, I was
not aware of private sector money being used to fund any of those
studies. But now it seems that there is a new policy and it can fund
half of these studies, and this raises a serious question.
In any case, all of these questions are pointing to a serious
mismatch of what is known in the scientific laboratory and what is
actually being told to the public.
...
Dr. Campbell gave 2 examples and then finished his thoughts off
with:
...
The final recommendation that The World Health Organization made,
which was more startling than anything I can possibly imagine, is that
we could go as high as 35% of calories in the form of protein in order
to minimize chronic disease risk. Now in the lectures that I’ve been
giving here, at Cornell, most of this information regarding the effects
of protein on these diseases of affluence (cancer, diabetes, heart
disease, M.S., etc.) tend to occur in the 10-20% range. In other words,
as we increase protein intake from 10-11% or so up to 22-23%, that’s
when we see evidence suggesting increases in cancer risks, increase in
cholesterol concentration, increase in loss of calcium from the bones,
etc. We’re already consuming enough protein. The range of protein that
we now have become accustomed to in this country is already in excess of
what is needed.
In prior years, we always said that 10% protein was enough. That was
the RDA. Because of this worship of protein that has existed in this
society, most people are consuming diets somewhere between 11-22%. Where
all we need is 10%. The average protein intake in the U.S. is about 17%
and 70% of that 17% is animal-based. So, we’re consuming protein-rich
diets now that one could argue have a lot to do with determining our
risk of cancer and heart disease, etc. All of a sudden, the Food and
Nutrition Board comes along and says, “Hey, we now have evidence that we
can go all the way up to 35% protein, where almost nobody goes, and
that’s associated with minimized chronic disease risk.”
Somebody might ask: “Were there any companies involved in funding
this report that had an interest in the protein question?”
Well, one of the most powerful dairy conglomerates in the world in
fact was helping to do this and much of our protein intake in the U.S.
comes from dairy foods. In fact, one can argue that dairy food
consumption has been justified to a considerable extent not only because
of the presence of calcium, but of protein.
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Dr. Flora: And the tragic truth of the matter is that, thanks to
our French researcher, Dr. Kirvran, and his book Biological
Transmutation and the Secret Life of Plants, by Christopher Bird, we
know that calcium in foods has never been known to approach the human
bones. It’s only foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and silica, which
turns into bone calcium. Calcium in dairy actually provides nothing
helpful. There is so much sodium in dairy that it’s dangerous, but who
would want to eat cheese without salt? It’s a marketing ploy, a
necessity. Salt-free cheese tastes like what it is, a block of Elmer’s
glue, which is made of the dairy protein casein or casomorphine. Cheese
decalcifies women; it’s so acid that our bones' calcium is withdrawn to
act like a buffer. The more acid protein we eat, the more osteoporotic
we get!
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Dr. Campbell: Here we have a Food and Nutrition Board report coming
right out in our face telling us that they are going to drastically
change the recommendations that we’ve previously had all for the purpose
of reducing cancer and heart disease risk. And we find that the people
involved in this are associated with the industry. It’s not terribly
well known who is associated with whom and how much association they
really have. We find that the industry supports this report and I find
the entire process appalling.
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Dr. Flora: Working in Washington for the Department of Justice,
setting up a program called Juris, I spoke with some of the attorneys
there, and they showed me a chart that indicated how just a few people
own everything! Shell companies conveniently hide the principals from
view of criticism. Change a name to something ‘healthy’ and no one knows
you are pushing foods that are bad for our kiddies.
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Dr. Campbell: Now the vast amount of our research has been conducted
with an enormous focus and undue focus on the activities of various
chemicals. Whether these chemicals be nutrients or whether they be
chemicals to stop reactions from chemical carcinogens or whatever. We
put so much focus on the effects of individual nutrients out of context.
So, as a result, we’ve lost sight of what whole foods can really do;
whole foods that do work in large measure because of their presence of
nutrients. It’s the nutrients that are part of these foods that make it
work. But to take a nutrient out of context, whether it’s being used as a
drug or whether is being used as a chemo preventive agent (one of the
popular terms) or whether it’s being used at elevated levels of intake.
All that stuff is going on and that’s been the nature of science lately,
and I find that my criticism of this approach to our thinking
unfortunately almost goes to the heart of what science is really all
about and I don’t have time to get into that question. We put so much
emphasis on single nutrient effects: what they do that are supposedly
good, or whether they’re doing things to block bad things that otherwise
would occur.
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Dr. Flora: It’s like scientists are now trying to take apart a
butterfly, tear it down to its individual pieces, put it back together
again and wonder if it will fly, or why it won’t fly or how they can
sell the parts so that we can fly. Fractionated things don’t work.
They’ll never work. Homogenized, shot from guns, extruded from little
strainers to break down the normal size of the fat, boiled, etc.
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Dr. Campbell: In our economic system, in our free market system,
discoveries of new chemicals, new products, new devices, or whatever
will go someplace if they have value. What kind of value am I talking
about? Economic value that’s inherent in these studies. So, if we make a
discovery about a certain nutrient doing this or a chemical doing that,
it will reach the marketplace. It can make money, it does have value,
but only if insofar as we’re able to protect that intellectual property,
and we can do that, with our patent laws, our trademark laws, our
copyright laws, are such that that’s what it’s all about. If we can use
those laws to protect an intellectual property at least for a sufficient
period of time to go to the marketplace, we can make money.
That’s how information from nutrition literature and the biological
information that comes from N.I.H. are really valued - maybe not
obviously at the dense top with the individual researchers doing this
work, they’re not concerned really with this most of the time. The vast
majority of researchers are honorable, hard working, dedicated people
doing the work and doing very good work, I should add. But, the problem
is now that I’m talking about the larger context of what becomes of this
information that they research. This info that becomes of value in an
economic sense is information that reaches the public.
Once we come to terms with understanding what that’s all about and
with the kind of claims that can be made, and I’ve been involved in that
game and I’ve seen a lot of the evolution of regulations concerning the
health claims, it becomes very easy to see why there’s so much
confusion. Most of the information that reaches the public is either
coming directly from health claims, most of the public aren’t aware of
that, or it’s coming from institutions and agencies that are doing the
bidding in many ways for the industry simply because they are populated
by people who are setting the guidelines. So, that’s the professional
side.
The unprofessional side of this problem is illustrated by the Food
and Nutrition Board, the Dietary Guidelines, by my colleagues at Johns
Hopkins University, where they had other agendas and other interests
because of their personal compensation. Obviously, I consider that to be
unprofessional. But, nonetheless, rest assured that that happens.
Fortunately, I think it only happens in a minority of people in the
scientific community because I still hold in very high regard the vast
number of people working in science. Very fine people, as I said before,
just doing their work. It’s just the very small handful of people who
get into powerful positions, who have associations with the food and
drug industries that then in turn are compensated through honorary and
other means or perhaps get money for dong their research. These people
end up in very powerful positions often times in the government, in
agencies particularly the policy arena, and really mess things up. So,
these are my thoughts in terms of the confusion we have to be concerned
about and the questions that were raised in the beginning. If you go
back and look at those questions, they will be available to you, do a
little analysis of the history and go interview some people, look at
reports, and I think you will find what I in fact have over these years.